networks

- The practice and infrastructure of connecting computing devices so they can exchange data.

The practice and infrastructure of connecting computing devices so they can exchange data.

Encompasses physical media (copper, fiber, wireless), addressing schemes, and protocol stacks.

Relies on packet switching and layered abstractions: from Ethernet frames to TCP segments to HTTP requests.

cache (CDN, proxy) reduces latency by serving repeated content from the edge instead of the origin.

Concepts that hold for any network are under network theory (protocol stack, determinism, publish-subscribe); concrete standards under network protocols (Ethernet, TCP/IP, HTTPS, MQTT, CAN, RS-485).