manufacturing//firmware

Software permanently stored in a device's non-volatile memory (flash, EEPROM) — the first code that runs at power-on.

Software permanently stored in a device's non-volatile memory (flash, EEPROM) — the first code that runs at power-on.

For a MCU, initializes clocks, configures peripheral registers via MMIO, and enters the main application loop.

Written in C/C++, compiled to ARM/RISC-V machine code.

Flashed onto the device via SWD, JTAG, or USB bootloader.

Over-the-air (OTA) updates allow field upgrades.

Assembly steps: (1) C/Assembly for firmware, (2) basic electronics to power circuitry (capacitors), (3) KiCad for PCB layout.