Blockchain//Besu//Node Roles//Validator

- Address listed in genesis extraData — authorized to sign blocks in IBFT/QBFT consensus.

Address listed in genesis extraData — authorized to sign blocks in IBFT/QBFT consensus.

Validators take turns proposing blocks; remaining validators verify and vote.

Adding/removing validators requires a governance mechanism (voting or smart contract)

One node can wear multiple hats (bootnode + validator + RPC), but separation is more secure.

Ideal: dedicated validator with no RPC exposed — reduces attack surface to zero from outside.