CPU//mutex//GIL

- The Global Interpreter Lock — Python's mutex ensuring only one thread executes bytecode at a time.

The Global Interpreter Lock — Python's mutex ensuring only one thread executes bytecode at a time.

Simplifies memory management — reference counting is thread-safe without fine-grained locks.

Prevents true core parallelism for CPU-bound tasks.

Workarounds: multiprocessing, C extensions that release the GIL, or async I/O via the event loop

Python 3.13+ experiments with a free-threaded build (no-GIL mode)