manufacturing//fab

Semiconductor fabrication facility (foundry) that manufactures chip dies from silicon wafers.

Semiconductor fabrication facility (foundry) that manufactures chip dies from silicon wafers.

Process nodes (TSMC 3nm, Samsung 4nm, Intel 18A) define transistor density and power efficiency.

Fabrication involves hundreds of lithography, etching, deposition, and doping steps.

Foundries like TSMC produce ASIC, SoC, CPU, and GPU dies for fabless companies.

Fab cost exceeds $20B for leading-edge nodes.

Main foundries: TSMC, Samsung, Intel.

sensors don't require the latest node (e.g. Apple ⟶ BOSCH for sensors, no 3nm needed)