Blockchain//Besu//Genesis

`genesis.json` defines the blockchain at birth — chainId, consensus type, initial state, gas limits.

genesis.json defines the blockchain at birth — chainId, consensus type, initial state, gas limits.

The blockchain is "born" when the first node boots and processes this file.

alloc section: pre-fund accounts with ETH at block 0 — solves the bootstrap funding problem.

clique.blockperiodSeconds: interval between blocks (even empty ones)

Immutable foundation: the chainId and consensus rules cannot be changed after launch.

Must be created AFTER generating node keys — needs at least one validator address for extraData