hardware

The physical layer of computing — circuits, boards, and systems that execute software.

The physical layer of computing — circuits, boards, and systems that execute software.

Every abstraction in code ultimately resolves to electrons moving through semiconductor materials.

A typical system stacks chip dies onto PCB boards.

CPU executes instructions, GPU handles parallel workloads, RAM provides volatile storage, storage persists data.

The boundary between hardware and software blurs as firmware and ASIC designs encode logic that once lived in code.