Web Dev//runtime

The environment where code executes. The runtime provides the available APIs, memory limits, event loop, and execution model.

The environment where code executes. The runtime provides the available APIs, memory limits, event loop, and execution model.

V8 is a JavaScript engine (compiles JS to machine code)

Node.js is a runtime that uses V8 + adds system APIs (filesystem, networking, crypto)

Workers is another runtime that uses V8 + adds Cloudflare APIs (D1, R2, KV) but without filesystem or full Node.js

Same engine (V8), three different runtimes with different APIs