Blockchain//Besu//Empty Blocks

- Clique produces blocks at fixed intervals (`blockPeriodSeconds`) even when there are no transactions.

Clique produces blocks at fixed intervals (blockPeriodSeconds) even when there are no transactions.

blockPeriodSeconds=0: blocks created at maximum CPU speed → infinite loop, disk fills rapidly.

Empty blocks maintain the chain's heartbeat — validators take turns, timestamps advance.

The block number keeps incrementing regardless of transaction activity.