Is axonal transport the same thing as the nerve impulse? · Grey Matter

No, they are two different traffics on the same axon.

Is axonal transport the same thing as the nerve impulse?

No, they are two different traffics on the same axon. The impulse is a wave of voltage across the membrane, carried by ion channels at up to about 120 m/s in thick myelinated fibres. Transport is physical cargo, vesicles, mitochondria and proteins, carried along microtubules by motor proteins at 50 to 400 mm a day for the fastest cargo and under 8 mm a day for the slowest. A signal crosses a metre of axon in about a hundredth of a second; a vesicle takes days.